Effects of the French and Indian War

Impacts of the French and Indian War For what reason do I think the French and Indian war made America? A lot of students of history chip away at the formation of America has concentrated principally upon the War of Independence and its extraordinary impact in molding the foundations of the American state. This academic concentration upon the War of Independence as the support of America has implied that the French and Indian war has preferably less essentialness in the well known creative mind over it merits. It is the point of this article to show that the French and Indian war was not only an insignificant forerunner to the considerably more generally perceived American War of Independence but instead a fundamental occasion in its own correct that profoundly affected the course of American history. The French and Indian war planted the seeds for the production of America as we probably am aware it today. The prominent antiquarian Fred Anderson accepts that the significance and impact of the French and Indian war was to such an extent that he terms it â€Å"the war that made America .†[1] The contention that the French and Indian war made America will be made with the work of the accompanying focuses: Firstly, the war changed the colonials’ perspective on their own remaining inside the Empire. They accepted that they had substantiated themselves as equivalents yet their status had not experienced a comparable change according to the Whitehall. Also, the expulsion of the French danger from North America drove some to address why they expected to proceed in their relationship with the British. Thirdly, the French and Indian war prompted the Royal Proclamation of 1763 which prevented the articulation from securing the colonies’ assurance for additional westbound development. At long last, the expense of the French and Indian war, and the more extensive Seven Years Warâ led to expanded charges being forced upon the settlements, burdens that were progressively observed as a crooked inconvenience. These components sketched out joined to deliver t he hunger for autonomy from the British Crown and drove eventually to the formation of America. The French and Indian war started a social move which drove the colonials to think about themselves as equivalent accomplices in the [British] empire†[2], a thought that put them at chances with their British overlords and at last prompted struggle with the British Empire and the inevitable production of a free America. The settlers expected that their endeavors in the war had demonstrated their status as equivalent individuals from the Empire. They were, as they would like to think now ‘partners in Empire.’ There was a feeling of pride in having a place with the Empire. Benjamin Franklin praised â€Å"not simply as I am a settler, yet as I am a Briton.†[3] In a temperament of cheering, New York raised sculptures of King George III and William Pitt. Notwithstanding, the British didn't concur that the settlers had earned their newly discovered status as accomplices in Empire. The perspectives on the British had not changed, the confidence in the Empireâ€℠¢s pecking order and the supremacy of the Crown remained. These contending dreams of empire[4] were beyond reconciliation and implied at this point further division between the different sides. The Treaty of Paris (1763) saw France lose the entirety of its North American region east of the Mississippi put something aside for the two little islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. This directing of the French drove the states to address very why they ought to stay attached to the British. There was presently no shared adversary to join them. In 1773 the illustrious legislative head of Massachusetts expressed that had Canada â€Å"remained to the French none of the soul of resistance to the Mother Country would yet have appeared.†[5] The expulsion of the French danger that came about because of the contention encouraged an air in which the colonials started to bring forth their own thoughts of vote based system and self-rule in this way giving them the scholarly and philosophical ammo with which to assault British dominion The British were worried that the states western wildernesses ought not extend any further, in case it bother the Indian clans and hence incite a further spate of contentions. Moreover, Britain’s new North American Empire, less the French, was huge and any endeavors to augment it yet further gambled rendering it ungovernable. Therefore the Royal Proclamation of 1763 restricted further westbound extension past the Appalachian Mountains. The launch of the French from North America implied that the colonists’ want for additional westbound development became more grounded at the very time when such extension was denied by the Crown. According to the colonials the war had opened up the huge North American mainland for additional development and settlement. A 1763 famer’s chronicle summarized the overarching disposition; â€Å"But now see! The rancher may have land for nothing†¦Land enough for himself and every one of his children, be they ever so many.†[6] Something needed to give and the issue of pushing back the wildernesses before long carried the states into strife with the Empire and added to the noise for autonomy. Incidentally the imperials expansionist desire of the pilgrims brought helped turn them against the burdens of the British Empire. The colossal expense of the French and Indian clash, and the more extensive Seven Years War implied that British obligation spiraled subsequently. To help facilitate this money related weight a more noteworthy tax assessment was forced upon the provinces. This monetary weight, alongside the philosophical complaints no imposing taxes without any political benefit went the popular cry †made the provinces further inquiry the shrewdness of British principle. Securing the landmass had cost the British truly and comparative with British citizens the settlers paid less in charges despite the fact that they were progressively prosperous. A prewar British obligation of  £73 million had developed to  £137 million postwar[7] and the weight of controlling North America was currently progressively expensive in light of the fact that the Empire had extended so extraordinarily. The pilgrims protested paying what they saw as discretionary duties to an inaccessible parliament where no homest eader sat. Moreover, the new duties came when the pilgrim economy was enduring a downturn, making them considerably more loathed. The disobedience over assessments, the Stamp Act specifically, additionally had the impact of validating British premonitions that the settlers yearned for autonomy and helped set the pilgrim on a crash course with the Mother nation. Taking everything into account, this paper has exhibited that the French and Indian war was a pivotal contributing component in the formation of an autonomous America. While the American War of Independence may get a significant part of the brilliance, the occasions of 1754â€1763 obviously planted the seeds for the colonies’ split away from the British Empire. It did as such because of four key reasons. Right off the bat the war urged the colonials to see themselves as equivalents yet their status had has not experienced a comparative transformation according to the Mother nation, prompting discontent in North America. Furthermore, the expulsion of the French danger likewise implied the evacuation of the shared adversary that assembled the settlements and Britain, therefore driving the homesteaders to scrutinize their connections to the Crown. Thirdly, the French and Indian war, because of the huge extension of the North American domain, brought about Royal Proclamation of 1763 which denied any further westbound development, the very development that the pilgrims wanted. At last, the expense of the French and Indian war, and the more extensive Seven Years War prompted expanded duties being forced upon the provinces who hated paying what they felt were self-assertive assessments to an inaccessible parliament, particularly in a period wherein they were encountering a monetary downturn. These elements consolidated to stir the flames of autonomy and disobedience in North America prompting the production of an American country liberated from dominion. As Anderson contends, without the French and Indian war â€Å"American freedom would clearly have been long delayed†[8] Book index Anderson, Fred, Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (London: Faber, 2000) - , The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (New York: Penguin, 2006) Fowler, William M, Empires at War: The French and Indian War and the Struggle for North America, 1754-1763 (New York: Walker, 2005) Jennings, Francis, Empire of Fortune: Crowns, Colonies and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America (New York: Norton, 1988) McLynn, Frank, 1759: The Year Britain Became Master of The World (London: Jonathan Cape, 2004) Taylor, Alan, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (London: Penguin, 2001) Commentaries [1] Anderson, Fred, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (New York: Penguin, 2006) [2] Anderson, Fred, Crucible of War: The Seven Years War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (London: Faber, 2000) [3] Taylor, Alan, American Colonies: The Settling of North America (London: Penguin, 2001), 437 [4] Anderson, The War That Made America , 746 [5] Taylor (operation cit) 438 [6] Ibid. 437 [7] Ibid. 439 [8] Anderson, Crucible of Wa,r xi

Jumping Off Place Essay Sample free essay sample

Q 1: In what way will the human advancement of Spain be unique in relation to U. S? In answering this request allude to ascertain 4-5. 4-6. 4-7. Autonomic sensory system: on the off chance that we analyze the developments of United States and Spain. keeping up in position the hofstede’s measurements. following social contrasts were discovered: 1. Force separation: This angle exchanges with actuality that all people in social orders are non equivalent. It is characterized as: â€Å"The degree to which less incredible individuals from foundation A ; association acknowledge that force is appropriated unequally† Spain‘s hierarchal force separation is acknowledged. Though U. S have low force separation. Inside American organizations. heading degrees are built up for comfort A ; higher-ups are ever open. The two chiefs and workers shared data frequently. Correspondence is casual. immediate and participative. 2. Individuality:It is simply the tendency of individuals to care for themselves and their prompt family only. Spain is collectivized each piece great as individualistic yet the training is non forceful. We will compose a custom article test on Bouncing Off Place Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Though U. S is amazingly individualistic territory. People groups take care of themselves and their family units. 3. Mascunist/feminist:Masculinity is a social element wherein prevailing qualities are achievement. cash and things though feminity is social element in which he predominant qualities are thinking about others and personal satisfaction. Spain is a women's activist society. They have confidence in helping the penniless individuals. Though joined territories is manly society. They are soldier of fortune and after progress and cash. 4. Vulnerability turning away:It is the degree to which the individuals feel undermined by erratic condition of affairss and have made convictions and foundations that attempt to evade these. Vulnerability dismissing is very example in Spain. People groups have guidelines for everything. Any adjustment in the guideline makes accentuation the individuals. They are non daring people by any stretch of the imagination. While American culture is uncertainness belief society. People groups are eager to take risk. Previously mentioned are the social contrasts between United States and Spain. Q2. On the off chance that the organization extends its activities to Italy. will its involvement with Spain be important for the organization or will the development would be distinctive to the point that the creator will hold to get down another in discovering how to go to social difficulties and possibilities. Clarify. Autonomic sensory system: on the off chance that we consider hofstede’s measurements so Spain and Italy are non extremely very different to one another. Force separation in Spain is worthy however in Italy it is normal. Dissemination of intensity legitimizes that upper degree have more powers when contrasted with lower degree and have more advantages. When contrasted with Spain. Italy is increasingly individualistic culture. It is â€Å"me centred† . Italy is a solid manly society though Spain is a women's activist society. Italy is a solid uncertainness dismissing society which implies that Italians are non comfortable in eccentric situation. They abs tain from taking dangers. Same as Spain. they other than abstain from taking perils. Italy is the mix of maleness and high uncertainness dismissing which makes life extremely hard and frightening. In my assessment. Italy and Spain have about recognizable development esteems and contrasts. On the off chance that the worry works great in the Spain and the reaction is acceptable than the U. S Company must spread out its anxiety to Italy. As there is no much distinction in human advancements of both the states. the work involvement with Spain will be significant for the organization as the organization would as of now the social qualities. likes and disgraces. purchasing conduct of shopper. difficulties and possibilities. These all things would help the organization for set uping a worry in Italy. The organization will execute better and will spread out its anxiety unreasonably. Q3. On the off chance that the house ventures into France. will its old experience will be important in helping the organization address social difficulties. Clarify. Ans: France human advancement is like Spain and Italy. Blending to hofstede’s human advancement power separation is low both in France and Spain as correlation with Italy. Independence is rehearsed in France at normal degree. Though Italian rehearsed at high degree and Spaniards design at low degree. Vulnerability dismissing is high in France and other two organizations. Manliness is low in France and medium in Italy. The above line shows that there is no much contrast in the social qualities and difficulties of the states. In the event that the worry works great in Spain and Italy. it is foreseen that the organization would have great reaction from France exorbitantly. They don’t need to investigate new elements of human advancement. It would be them unreasonably. The organization is shrewd in light of th e fact that it is be aftering to spread out in the equivalent social qualities with the goal that they would non defy social contrasts that would do their anxiety to tumble down. So the previous involvement with Spain and Italy will emphatically be significant to the organization.

Washington Adventist University Admissions Data

Washington Adventist University Admissions Data Washington Adventist University Description: Washington Adventist University, WAU, is a private college subsidiary with the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The college involves a 19-section of land grounds in Takoma Park, Maryland, around seven miles from downtown Washington, D.C. (see other D.C. schools). The universitys differing understudy body originates from 40 states and 47 nations. Washington Adventist pays attention to its Christian character, and understudies will locate a functioning otherworldly life nearby with customary assemblies, understudy drove vespers, and supplication gatherings. WAU is comprised of three schools: the School of Arts Social Sciences; School of Health Professions, Science Wellness; and School of Graduate Professional Studies. Proficient Studies programs take into account working grown-ups, and approximately 33% of WAU understudies are 25 or over. WAU understudies can look over 47 single guys degree programs, 9 bosses degrees, and a wide scope of scholarly minors. Nursing is by a long shot the mos t well known program at WAU. Scholastics are bolstered by a 7 to 1 understudy/workforce proportion and little classes. Scholastically skilled understudies should look at the WAU Honors Program for access to extraordinary classes, examine encounters and social chances. Understudy remain dynamic outside of the homeroom through contribution in a scope of understudy clubs and associations just as intramural and intercollegiate sports. The Washington Adventist University Shock contend inâ the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA). Confirmations Data (2016): Washington Adventist University Acceptance Rate: 33%Washington Adventist University has test-discretionary admissionsTest Scores 25th/75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 360/470SAT Math: 360/480SAT Writing: -/ - Whats a decent SAT score?ACT Composite: 14â /21ACT English: 15/22ACT Math: 15/16Whats a decent ACT score? Enlistment (2016): All out Enrollment: 1,090â (911 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41% Male/59% Female77% Full-time Costs (2016-17): Educational cost and Fees: $23,400Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,930Other Expenses: $1,100Total Cost: $34,630 Washington Adventist University Financial Aid (2015-16): Level of New Students Receiving Aid: 50%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 49%Loans: 33%Average Amount of AidGrants: $11,541Loans: $6,251 Scholarly Programs: Most Popular Majors: Business Administration, Early Childhood Education, Elementary Education, Genreal Studies, Health Care Administration, Nursing, Psychology Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time understudies): 75%4-Year Graduation Rate: 17%6-Year Graduation Rate: 38% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports: Track and Field, Basketball, Cross Country, SoccerWomens Sports: Volleyball, Cross Country, Soccer, Basketball, Track and Field Information Source: National Center for Educational Statistics On the off chance that You Like Washington Adventist University, You May Also Like These Schools: Association College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWalla Walla University: Profile Bowie State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOakwood University: Profile Coppin State University: Profile Hood College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDelaware State University: Profile Towson University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAndrews University: Profile Howard University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graphâ Washington Adventist University Mission Statement: see the total statement of purpose atâ https://www.wau.edu/statement of purpose/ A WAU training is religious and understudy centered. The University offers in excess of 32 majors and scholastic projects prompting partner, lone ranger and advanced educations. You will encounter little, energetic classes educated by workforce who are focused on your prosperity. Uncommon alternatives incorporate the distinctions program, pre-proficient projects, connect program, capital summer meeting, concentrate abroad, temporary jobs for credit and an extraordinary first year experience program to help approaching green beans in the progress to school life.

Paper ESF 13 - 1294 Words

ESF #13 Origin of ESF-13 The NRF provides for 15 â€Å"emergency support functions† (ESFs), including Emergency Support Function-13 (ESF-13), which covers public safety and security. The ESF-13 from FEMA details support services related to Public Safety and Security. The primary agency in control of ESF #13 is the Department of Justice/Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. The ATF’s efforts are to support the full range of incident management activities by coordinating and integrating public safety and security capabilities and resources. The Department of Justice designated the ATF to manage/coordinate the functions of ESF-13. As part of the National Response Plan, ESF-13 involves the coordination of federal law enforcement†¦show more content†¦Terrorist attack incidents, ESF-13 coordinates and contributes support to the DOJ/FBI operations only when requested. Participants of ESF-13 Appointed by the DOJ, the ATF is the lead coordinating authority for ESF-13. The ATF is tasked with the daily management and operations responsibilities when ESF-13 is implemented. This involves the planning, preparations, and coordination for national emergencies at the national, State, and local levels. Between the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the governor’s office, public safety officials at the State level, and all levels of law enforcement, the ATF serves as liaison on a day-to-day basis. Participation in exercises and a number of planning sessions a part of the ATF responsibilities also. The level of responsibility increased and the growth of ESF-13steadily rose, the core budget’s funding was diverted and adversely affected ATF’s other programs. The ability to develop properly a foundation for the program was hindered due to lack of resources, manpower, equipment, and training that were dedicated to ESF-13. To ensure ATF’s ability to p rovide immediate response to the American public with high caliber law enforcement preparation and response will require additional resources. Those resources must come from the Department of Justice and the Federal government in a time of crisis. Other members include the Drug EnforcementShow MoreRelatedMy Moment Of Epiphany At Upstate Medical University830 Words   |  4 PagesUpstate Medical University. I’ve worked at Syracuse Housing Authority’s TAP Program as an Educational Coordinator. The acronyms stand for Tenant Assistant Program. More specifically, I worked with low income families, teenagers and young adult’s age 13 to 27 years old. It was the most strenuous but rewarding jobs. I enjoyed helping individuals become self-efficient in education, parenting and finding a job. My teammates and I worked diligently to put these individuals on the path of hope and newRead MoreEva Case Study of Dabur India Limited6758 Words   |  28 Pagesassessment of th e corporate policy guidelines. If that is not satisfied, wrong signals will be emitted from securities market and the continuance of the operations of the entity will be at stake. In view of the above considerations, in the present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the financial performance of Dabur India Limited by using EVA. Introduction The term ‘Economic Value Added (EVA)’ is a registered trademark of Stern Stewart Co. of New York City (USA). Bennett Stewart in his bookRead MoreCoca Cola Human Resources5512 Words   |  23 Pagesusually referred by current employees who are knowledgeable of both the requirements of the vacancy and the capabilities of the person they are referring. Noe et al. (2008:210) also state that employment agencies such as the executive search firm (ESF), often referred to as â€Å"headhunters† identify and source top performers in the employment market. By using these employment agencies, Coca-Cola is able to target the best available talent and expertise for their vacancies. 2. How Coca-ColaRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagessubstance.  © Paul Hoang and IBID Press    4 Unit 1.1 Nature of Business Activity Question 1.1.1 a) The fashion magazine is likely to contain text and coloured photos which bring in far greater value to the consumer than 100 pages of paper. b) A photo of a famous celebrity on its own is not unique. A signed photo with the celebrity’s autograph is much more special and desirable and hence adds more value. c) A laptop computer is made up of plastics and metals, which wouldRead MoreEurope Economic Crisis55278 Words   |  222 Pagesfinancial markets (subprime mortgages accounted for only 3% of US financial assets) could infect the entire global banking system and set off an explosive spiral of falling asset prices and bank losses. (6) See for a detailed discussion IMF (2009b). 13 2. 2.1. THE CRISIS FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE INTRODUCTION Paying due attention to them is important when drawing lessons. A perfect storm. This is one metaphor used to describe the present global crisis. No other economic downturn

Descriminationn Against Irish-American Immigrants and...

Descriminationn Against Irish-American Immigrants and Native Americans Racism is a problem with roots reaching as far back as biblical times, and it is questionable as to whether or not racial discrimination will ever vanish. Many different groups of people have been subject to racism over time. Two historical examples of people who were discriminated against because of their nationality are Native Americans and Irish-American immigrants. Although the situations they faced are not quite identical, they have an abundance of similarities. The Native Americans and the Irish citizens who immigrated to the United States suffered a similar plight in the sense that both peoples were persecuted for their cultural differences as well as†¦show more content†¦In this bloody encounter, Jackson’s forces slaughtered nearly eight hundred Indians, including many women and children. â€Å"His soldiers made bridle reins from strips of skin taken from the corpses; they also cut off the tip of each dead Indian’s nose for body count.â€Å"(Brin kley, 85) The Creeks were forced westward, off their homelands, and Jackson won a commission as major general in the United States Army.(Brinkley, 212) Andrew Jackson fueled his troops by describing the Native Americans as â€Å"savage bloodhounds† and â€Å"blood thirsty barbarians.†(Brinkley, 212) The General made every attempt to depict the Indians as the enemy, who should be suppressed for the benefit of the white man. After the triumph at Horse Shoe Bend, Jackson told his troops: The fiends of the Tallapoosa will no longer murder our women and children, or disturb the quiet of our borders . . . . They have disappeared from the face of the Earth. In their places a new generation will arise who will know their duties better . . . . How lamentable it is that the path to peace should lead through blood, and over the carcasses of the slain!! But it is in the dispensation of that providence, which inflicts partial evil to produce general good.(Takaki, 85-86)

How Does Nutrition And Exercise Affect Immunity - 1362 Words

How Does Nutrition and Exercise Affect Immunity? Page 1 Rebecca Massone Health 101-014 Nutrition is defined as the process of providing or obtaining the food essential for wellbeing and development. Immunity is the ability of a person to resist a specific infection or toxin by the action of particular antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. Both nutrition and exercise are key factors to a successful immune system. Additionally, the same type of relationship exists between the right amount of regular exercise and nutrition with a strong immune system. Although it is clear that nutrition and exercise positively impact one’s immune system, many do not know how and to what extremes. Each individual’s lifestyle should consist of†¦show more content†¦Minerals help cells work normally. Lastly, water transports nutrients to cells (Hernandez, 2010). The suggested amount of fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fats support efforts of the immune system to prevent or limit How Does Nutrition and Exercise Affect Immunity? Page 2 infectious processes and manage immune disorders and diseases (Baham Rush, 2008). In a nutritional diet, the average amount of vegetables per day is 2.5 cups, 3 cups of fruit, and 5.5 ounces of meat or beans. A high amount of protein deficiency can actually delete immune cells and not allow the body to create antibodies, which decreases cell mediated immunity. This particular type of immunity does not involve antibodies, but involves antigen-specific T-lymphocytes and other white blood cells. Baham Rush wrote, â€Å"Vitamins, minerals, and trace elements provide coenzymes for metabolic reactions important to the immune system and promote optimal levels of immune system cells such as natural killer cells, which target and eliminate bacteria† (2008). An increase of understanding what a nutritional diet consists of and following these guidelines can help an individual’s immune system. Not having the right nutrition such as obesity and fasting immensely negatively aff ect immunity. Bacterium in an individual who is obese is over 50% more than in a non-obese, or healthy person. 38% of these obese individuals showed an impairment of cell-mediated immune

Graduate Certificate in Australian Migration Law and Practice

Question: Describe about the Graduate Certificate in Australian Migration Law and Practice. Answer: Letter to advise Billy To, Billy Elliot, Tasmania. Billy, Being an original citizen of New Zealand, you are staying in Australia on the basis of a visa of special category. Therefore, you are contemplated as an immigrant in the particular case. It is very clear from the mentioned case that you have migrated to Australia at the age of 21 on the basis of the visa of special category. Since then you are residing in Australia, (Border, 2016). It is a fact that on your 36th birthday, you with some of your workmate went to the local pub to celebrate your birthday by having beer. On the way back home, you drove over four teenagers without any intention. You did this as you were drunk and even the four teenagers were in an intoxicated state as they were also returning from the party. By the accident one of them is badly injured and three of the teenagers died (Australia, 2016). The police found you guilty of the offence committed by you, i.e., driving under influence which caused death and has caught you. During this happenings, Sally Fields, who i s your neighbor had complained about you of molesting Emily, his daughter. Now, you are sentenced to imprisonment even after you made several approaches before the court, (Australiavisa, 2016). You should have the knowledge of the legislation of Australia which will help you to overcome this situation. Being an immigrant in Australia, you and your case will be lead and directed by the Migration Act, 1958 of Australia, (Austlii, 2016). The Migration Act deals with the cases related to the immigrants of Australia. According to section 201 of the Migration Act, you will be deported back to New Zealand. This section states that any person who is a non-citizen of Australia has committed an offence and has been convicted in Australia for the same offence, the accused will be deported back. As you came to Australia with a visa of special category and previously you used to be a citizen of New Zealand, therefore, as per the section 201, any person who is residing in Australia and used to be a citizen of New Zealand will be deported back to his own country for committing an offence during his stay in Australia, (Lexisnexis, 2016). This will be done after calculating the duration of his stay which should be less than 10 years and the punishment given to that person should be death or life imprisonment; or imprisonment for a time period of not less than one year, (Legislation, 2016). There are some provisions mentioned in section 501 of the Migration Act, 1958, (Unimelb, 2016), where a Minister may ask to deport you back to your own place. It has been mentioned in the said section that if the Minister is not satisfied that the accused person has been able to pass the character test, the Minister has the right to refuse the visa or may cancel the visa that has already been granted. Here, it is very important to understand the meaning of the character test. The character test states that a person should not have any criminal background; or should not commit any offence when he is already convicted of small offence. He should not even try to escape from the detention, (Edu, 2016). The criminal background or record of a person defines that the said person should not be guilty of any such offence where he is punished with an imprisonment for 12 months, or have been granted death sentence or life imprisonment; or acquitted on the ground of insanity due to which the per son has been kept in any such institution. Any offence that is against the section 197A of the said Act should not be committed by the person. The person should not be suspected of by the Minister as an associate of any such group that is accused of involving in any criminal activity. The said person should not involve in harassing any person or community of Australia. He should not be a threat for the nation. A person is said to pass the character test if he satisfies these points. If the Minister is not satisfied that the person has passed the character test or is not eligible for the test, he may refuse to grant visa to the person or may cancel the visa that has already been granted. The state of satisfaction completely depends on the Minister himself. There is no application of rule of natural justice. The decision which he takes is his own decision and no one can influence the decision taken by him. The Ministers decision under this sectioned cannot be reviewed. As you have been staying in Australia since last 16 years which is more than 10 years, you can take plea under section 201 of the said Act. The next plea that you can take is that you were in a drunken state and not in a proper state of mind and was driving under influence. Therefore, this cannot make any offence. The next point of your plea is that your neighbor, Sally Fields should have make a complaint against you before if you have been molesting his daughter and should not have waited for you to get convicted of some other offence. You can also take plea under section 501 by saying that from the time you are staying in Australia, you do not have any kind of criminal background and you were not convicted for any other offence before. You were not even detained for any offence or got punishment of imprisonment for a period of not less than 12 months. You possess a good behavior in your locality and in your workplace. All this happened for the first time since you are residing in A ustralia. Nothing has been done with any intention. If the Minister gets satisfied by all these pleas taken by you, he may take the decision of not deporting you back to your own place. But still if he does not get satisfied by your pleas, he may take the decision of deporting you back and this decision cannot be changed or reviewed. Regards Cancellation of Billys Visa by the Minister under section 501, 501A 501B of the Migration Act: The issue of the case mentioned herein is that Billy has migrated to Australia 15 years back at the age of 21 and since then he has been residing there. Originally he is the citizen of New Zealand. He is the holder of visa of special category. He has been working in Tasmanian gold mine. He with his few workmates went to a local pub and had beers on the occasion of his 36th birthday. At the time of returning back home, he being drunk, unintentionally drove his car on four teenagers. Those teenagers were returning from a party and were also drunk. One got severely injured and the other three died. The police caught Billy and charged him of dangerous driving and driving under influence that has caused death. After being convicted, Billy was also charged of molesting the daughter of his neighbor, Emily. The complaint has been made by Sally Fields, which he could have done long before. Billy was sentenced to five years of imprisonment after finding him guilty of driving offence and child sex. He got the information from some of his workmate that he might get deported back to New Zealand by the Minister. This made him worried about his condition. After becoming aware of the case, the Minister may make up his mind and take decisions according to the section 501, 501A 501B of the Migration Act, 1958, (Lawnotes, 2016). The refusal or cancellation of the visa on the ground of the character has been mentioned in section 501 of the said Act, (Comlaw, 2016). The provision of the section states that if the person is not been able to satisfy the Minister by passing the character test, the Minister may refuse to grant visa or may cancel the visa that has already been granted. The meaning of the character test is that the person should not possess any criminal record. He also should not have been held guilty of any small offences and tried to escape from the detention as well. The person should not be doubted to have been an associate of such group that is suspected to have been involved in criminal activities. To pass in the character test, the person needs to satisfy all these points, (Irishbently, 2016). The Minister can cancel the visa that has already been granted to the person anytime if he thinks that the person has not passed the character test. The Minister may cancel the visa if he thinks that the cancellation is for the national interest. The rule of natural justice does not apply in this case, (Ilo, 2016). Section 501A of the Migration Act, 1958, mentions of the provision of setting aside of the refusal or cancellation of the visa and the alternative decision under subsection (1) or (2) of section 501. A decision of not executing the power of cancelling a visa and refusing of granting a visa may be taken by the delegate of the Minister, even if the delegate is not satisfied that the person has passed the character test, (Alrc, 2016). The rule of natural justice is applied in this case. This decision by the delegate can also be called as original decision. The original decision can be set aside by the Minister if he is not satisfied by the character test of the person and finds that the cancellation of the visa already granted or refusal to grant a visa is for the purpose of national interest, (Peters, 2014). This is the power that is exclusively executed by the Minister. The decision to consider the execution of power of cancelling a visa and not granting the same depends on the Minist er himself and is not influenced by others. No requests or a situation is considered by the Minister. No one can ask for reconsideration of the decision made by the Minister as the decision made under this section cannot be reviewed, (Digplanet, 2016). Section 501B of the Act mentions about the refusal or cancellation or setting aside of the visa and the alternatives or replacement of any decision which is not suitable under section 501 (1) (2). The provision of this section is that if any of the delegates of the Minister makes an original decision for refusal to grant visa, the original decision may be set aside by the Minister. He may cancel the visa that has already been granted to the person or refuse to grant a visa if the person cannot satisfy him by passing the character test. The decision made under this section can also not be reviewed. Even if the Administrative Appeals Tribunal review the original decision after an application is made to them, the Minister has the power to set aside the same. In accordance with the case mentioned here, Billys visa can be cancelled by the Minister on the ground that he did not pass the character test that includes the criminal background or conviction of small offences made by him, harassing or harming any person or community of Australia, taking active part in a criminal activity with an association which is suspected to involve in criminal activities that can cause threat to the nation and Billy fails to satisfy the Minister in every manner, (Humanrights, 2016). No alternative way is there for Billy by which he can go for review against the decision made by the Minister. The only option he has is to make an application before the Administrative Appeals Tribunal to review the original decision that has been made by the delegate of the Minister under subsection (5) of section 501B. If the Minister is not satisfied personally by passing the character test, the Minister can set aside the review made by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal as he is not bound to abide by the same. Reference Alrc. (2016). Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from alrc.gov.au: www.alrc.gov.au Publications Austlii. (2016). Miggration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from austlii.edu.au: www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118 Australia. (2016). Immigration and visas. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from australia.gov.au: www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/immigration-and-visas Australiavisa. (2016). Australian Immigration Law Services. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from australiavisa.com: www.australiavisa.com/english/compnay_profile.htm Border. (2016). Australian Department of Immigration. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from border.gov.au: https://www.border.gov.au Comlaw. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from comlaw.gov.au: www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2011C00893 Digplanet. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from digplanet.com: www.digplanet.com/wiki/Migration_Act_1958 Edu. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved Octomer 23, 2016, from edu.au: usq.edu.au/studentservices/international/visacomp/~/media/USQ... PDF file Humanrights. (2016). Human Rights and the Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from humanrights.gov.au: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/HRC_Report13.pdf PDF file Ilo. (2016). Australia- Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from ilo.org: www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=enp_isn=67436 Irishbently. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from irishbently.com.au: www.irishbentley.com.au/migration-act-1958-section-501 Lawnotes. (2016). Australian Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from lawnotes.in: www.lawnotes.in/Australian_Migration_Act_1958 Legislation. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved from legislation.gov.au: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C00128 Lexisnexis. (2016). Australian Immigration Law. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from lexisnexis.com.au: www.lexisnexis.com.au/en-au/products/australian-immigration-law.page Peters, S. (2014). the Migration Act. Retrieved from prezi.com: https://prezi.com/xtfnsr2gq0bz/the-migration-act-1958 Unimelb. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from unimelb.edu.au: https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/opinionsonhigh/tag/migration-act-1958-cth