Descriminationn Against Irish-American Immigrants and...

Descriminationn Against Irish-American Immigrants and Native Americans Racism is a problem with roots reaching as far back as biblical times, and it is questionable as to whether or not racial discrimination will ever vanish. Many different groups of people have been subject to racism over time. Two historical examples of people who were discriminated against because of their nationality are Native Americans and Irish-American immigrants. Although the situations they faced are not quite identical, they have an abundance of similarities. The Native Americans and the Irish citizens who immigrated to the United States suffered a similar plight in the sense that both peoples were persecuted for their cultural differences as well as†¦show more content†¦In this bloody encounter, Jackson’s forces slaughtered nearly eight hundred Indians, including many women and children. â€Å"His soldiers made bridle reins from strips of skin taken from the corpses; they also cut off the tip of each dead Indian’s nose for body count.â€Å"(Brin kley, 85) The Creeks were forced westward, off their homelands, and Jackson won a commission as major general in the United States Army.(Brinkley, 212) Andrew Jackson fueled his troops by describing the Native Americans as â€Å"savage bloodhounds† and â€Å"blood thirsty barbarians.†(Brinkley, 212) The General made every attempt to depict the Indians as the enemy, who should be suppressed for the benefit of the white man. After the triumph at Horse Shoe Bend, Jackson told his troops: The fiends of the Tallapoosa will no longer murder our women and children, or disturb the quiet of our borders . . . . They have disappeared from the face of the Earth. In their places a new generation will arise who will know their duties better . . . . How lamentable it is that the path to peace should lead through blood, and over the carcasses of the slain!! But it is in the dispensation of that providence, which inflicts partial evil to produce general good.(Takaki, 85-86)

How Does Nutrition And Exercise Affect Immunity - 1362 Words

How Does Nutrition and Exercise Affect Immunity? Page 1 Rebecca Massone Health 101-014 Nutrition is defined as the process of providing or obtaining the food essential for wellbeing and development. Immunity is the ability of a person to resist a specific infection or toxin by the action of particular antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. Both nutrition and exercise are key factors to a successful immune system. Additionally, the same type of relationship exists between the right amount of regular exercise and nutrition with a strong immune system. Although it is clear that nutrition and exercise positively impact one’s immune system, many do not know how and to what extremes. Each individual’s lifestyle should consist of†¦show more content†¦Minerals help cells work normally. Lastly, water transports nutrients to cells (Hernandez, 2010). The suggested amount of fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fats support efforts of the immune system to prevent or limit How Does Nutrition and Exercise Affect Immunity? Page 2 infectious processes and manage immune disorders and diseases (Baham Rush, 2008). In a nutritional diet, the average amount of vegetables per day is 2.5 cups, 3 cups of fruit, and 5.5 ounces of meat or beans. A high amount of protein deficiency can actually delete immune cells and not allow the body to create antibodies, which decreases cell mediated immunity. This particular type of immunity does not involve antibodies, but involves antigen-specific T-lymphocytes and other white blood cells. Baham Rush wrote, â€Å"Vitamins, minerals, and trace elements provide coenzymes for metabolic reactions important to the immune system and promote optimal levels of immune system cells such as natural killer cells, which target and eliminate bacteria† (2008). An increase of understanding what a nutritional diet consists of and following these guidelines can help an individual’s immune system. Not having the right nutrition such as obesity and fasting immensely negatively aff ect immunity. Bacterium in an individual who is obese is over 50% more than in a non-obese, or healthy person. 38% of these obese individuals showed an impairment of cell-mediated immune

Graduate Certificate in Australian Migration Law and Practice

Question: Describe about the Graduate Certificate in Australian Migration Law and Practice. Answer: Letter to advise Billy To, Billy Elliot, Tasmania. Billy, Being an original citizen of New Zealand, you are staying in Australia on the basis of a visa of special category. Therefore, you are contemplated as an immigrant in the particular case. It is very clear from the mentioned case that you have migrated to Australia at the age of 21 on the basis of the visa of special category. Since then you are residing in Australia, (Border, 2016). It is a fact that on your 36th birthday, you with some of your workmate went to the local pub to celebrate your birthday by having beer. On the way back home, you drove over four teenagers without any intention. You did this as you were drunk and even the four teenagers were in an intoxicated state as they were also returning from the party. By the accident one of them is badly injured and three of the teenagers died (Australia, 2016). The police found you guilty of the offence committed by you, i.e., driving under influence which caused death and has caught you. During this happenings, Sally Fields, who i s your neighbor had complained about you of molesting Emily, his daughter. Now, you are sentenced to imprisonment even after you made several approaches before the court, (Australiavisa, 2016). You should have the knowledge of the legislation of Australia which will help you to overcome this situation. Being an immigrant in Australia, you and your case will be lead and directed by the Migration Act, 1958 of Australia, (Austlii, 2016). The Migration Act deals with the cases related to the immigrants of Australia. According to section 201 of the Migration Act, you will be deported back to New Zealand. This section states that any person who is a non-citizen of Australia has committed an offence and has been convicted in Australia for the same offence, the accused will be deported back. As you came to Australia with a visa of special category and previously you used to be a citizen of New Zealand, therefore, as per the section 201, any person who is residing in Australia and used to be a citizen of New Zealand will be deported back to his own country for committing an offence during his stay in Australia, (Lexisnexis, 2016). This will be done after calculating the duration of his stay which should be less than 10 years and the punishment given to that person should be death or life imprisonment; or imprisonment for a time period of not less than one year, (Legislation, 2016). There are some provisions mentioned in section 501 of the Migration Act, 1958, (Unimelb, 2016), where a Minister may ask to deport you back to your own place. It has been mentioned in the said section that if the Minister is not satisfied that the accused person has been able to pass the character test, the Minister has the right to refuse the visa or may cancel the visa that has already been granted. Here, it is very important to understand the meaning of the character test. The character test states that a person should not have any criminal background; or should not commit any offence when he is already convicted of small offence. He should not even try to escape from the detention, (Edu, 2016). The criminal background or record of a person defines that the said person should not be guilty of any such offence where he is punished with an imprisonment for 12 months, or have been granted death sentence or life imprisonment; or acquitted on the ground of insanity due to which the per son has been kept in any such institution. Any offence that is against the section 197A of the said Act should not be committed by the person. The person should not be suspected of by the Minister as an associate of any such group that is accused of involving in any criminal activity. The said person should not involve in harassing any person or community of Australia. He should not be a threat for the nation. A person is said to pass the character test if he satisfies these points. If the Minister is not satisfied that the person has passed the character test or is not eligible for the test, he may refuse to grant visa to the person or may cancel the visa that has already been granted. The state of satisfaction completely depends on the Minister himself. There is no application of rule of natural justice. The decision which he takes is his own decision and no one can influence the decision taken by him. The Ministers decision under this sectioned cannot be reviewed. As you have been staying in Australia since last 16 years which is more than 10 years, you can take plea under section 201 of the said Act. The next plea that you can take is that you were in a drunken state and not in a proper state of mind and was driving under influence. Therefore, this cannot make any offence. The next point of your plea is that your neighbor, Sally Fields should have make a complaint against you before if you have been molesting his daughter and should not have waited for you to get convicted of some other offence. You can also take plea under section 501 by saying that from the time you are staying in Australia, you do not have any kind of criminal background and you were not convicted for any other offence before. You were not even detained for any offence or got punishment of imprisonment for a period of not less than 12 months. You possess a good behavior in your locality and in your workplace. All this happened for the first time since you are residing in A ustralia. Nothing has been done with any intention. If the Minister gets satisfied by all these pleas taken by you, he may take the decision of not deporting you back to your own place. But still if he does not get satisfied by your pleas, he may take the decision of deporting you back and this decision cannot be changed or reviewed. Regards Cancellation of Billys Visa by the Minister under section 501, 501A 501B of the Migration Act: The issue of the case mentioned herein is that Billy has migrated to Australia 15 years back at the age of 21 and since then he has been residing there. Originally he is the citizen of New Zealand. He is the holder of visa of special category. He has been working in Tasmanian gold mine. He with his few workmates went to a local pub and had beers on the occasion of his 36th birthday. At the time of returning back home, he being drunk, unintentionally drove his car on four teenagers. Those teenagers were returning from a party and were also drunk. One got severely injured and the other three died. The police caught Billy and charged him of dangerous driving and driving under influence that has caused death. After being convicted, Billy was also charged of molesting the daughter of his neighbor, Emily. The complaint has been made by Sally Fields, which he could have done long before. Billy was sentenced to five years of imprisonment after finding him guilty of driving offence and child sex. He got the information from some of his workmate that he might get deported back to New Zealand by the Minister. This made him worried about his condition. After becoming aware of the case, the Minister may make up his mind and take decisions according to the section 501, 501A 501B of the Migration Act, 1958, (Lawnotes, 2016). The refusal or cancellation of the visa on the ground of the character has been mentioned in section 501 of the said Act, (Comlaw, 2016). The provision of the section states that if the person is not been able to satisfy the Minister by passing the character test, the Minister may refuse to grant visa or may cancel the visa that has already been granted. The meaning of the character test is that the person should not possess any criminal record. He also should not have been held guilty of any small offences and tried to escape from the detention as well. The person should not be doubted to have been an associate of such group that is suspected to have been involved in criminal activities. To pass in the character test, the person needs to satisfy all these points, (Irishbently, 2016). The Minister can cancel the visa that has already been granted to the person anytime if he thinks that the person has not passed the character test. The Minister may cancel the visa if he thinks that the cancellation is for the national interest. The rule of natural justice does not apply in this case, (Ilo, 2016). Section 501A of the Migration Act, 1958, mentions of the provision of setting aside of the refusal or cancellation of the visa and the alternative decision under subsection (1) or (2) of section 501. A decision of not executing the power of cancelling a visa and refusing of granting a visa may be taken by the delegate of the Minister, even if the delegate is not satisfied that the person has passed the character test, (Alrc, 2016). The rule of natural justice is applied in this case. This decision by the delegate can also be called as original decision. The original decision can be set aside by the Minister if he is not satisfied by the character test of the person and finds that the cancellation of the visa already granted or refusal to grant a visa is for the purpose of national interest, (Peters, 2014). This is the power that is exclusively executed by the Minister. The decision to consider the execution of power of cancelling a visa and not granting the same depends on the Minist er himself and is not influenced by others. No requests or a situation is considered by the Minister. No one can ask for reconsideration of the decision made by the Minister as the decision made under this section cannot be reviewed, (Digplanet, 2016). Section 501B of the Act mentions about the refusal or cancellation or setting aside of the visa and the alternatives or replacement of any decision which is not suitable under section 501 (1) (2). The provision of this section is that if any of the delegates of the Minister makes an original decision for refusal to grant visa, the original decision may be set aside by the Minister. He may cancel the visa that has already been granted to the person or refuse to grant a visa if the person cannot satisfy him by passing the character test. The decision made under this section can also not be reviewed. Even if the Administrative Appeals Tribunal review the original decision after an application is made to them, the Minister has the power to set aside the same. In accordance with the case mentioned here, Billys visa can be cancelled by the Minister on the ground that he did not pass the character test that includes the criminal background or conviction of small offences made by him, harassing or harming any person or community of Australia, taking active part in a criminal activity with an association which is suspected to involve in criminal activities that can cause threat to the nation and Billy fails to satisfy the Minister in every manner, (Humanrights, 2016). No alternative way is there for Billy by which he can go for review against the decision made by the Minister. The only option he has is to make an application before the Administrative Appeals Tribunal to review the original decision that has been made by the delegate of the Minister under subsection (5) of section 501B. If the Minister is not satisfied personally by passing the character test, the Minister can set aside the review made by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal as he is not bound to abide by the same. Reference Alrc. (2016). Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from alrc.gov.au: www.alrc.gov.au Publications Austlii. (2016). Miggration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from austlii.edu.au: www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118 Australia. (2016). Immigration and visas. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from australia.gov.au: www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/immigration-and-visas Australiavisa. (2016). Australian Immigration Law Services. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from australiavisa.com: www.australiavisa.com/english/compnay_profile.htm Border. (2016). Australian Department of Immigration. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from border.gov.au: https://www.border.gov.au Comlaw. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from comlaw.gov.au: www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2011C00893 Digplanet. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from digplanet.com: www.digplanet.com/wiki/Migration_Act_1958 Edu. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved Octomer 23, 2016, from edu.au: usq.edu.au/studentservices/international/visacomp/~/media/USQ... PDF file Humanrights. (2016). Human Rights and the Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from humanrights.gov.au: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/HRC_Report13.pdf PDF file Ilo. (2016). Australia- Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from ilo.org: www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=enp_isn=67436 Irishbently. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from irishbently.com.au: www.irishbentley.com.au/migration-act-1958-section-501 Lawnotes. (2016). Australian Migration Act. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from lawnotes.in: www.lawnotes.in/Australian_Migration_Act_1958 Legislation. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved from legislation.gov.au: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C00128 Lexisnexis. (2016). Australian Immigration Law. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from lexisnexis.com.au: www.lexisnexis.com.au/en-au/products/australian-immigration-law.page Peters, S. (2014). the Migration Act. Retrieved from prezi.com: https://prezi.com/xtfnsr2gq0bz/the-migration-act-1958 Unimelb. (2016). Migration Act 1958. Retrieved October 23, 2016, from unimelb.edu.au: https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/opinionsonhigh/tag/migration-act-1958-cth

Miss fortune in My New School Story free essay sample

I and he decided to take the shortcut we found during summer break when we went biking, instead of the actual way through the streets. It had already started to snow in September and the shortcut through the pond was slippery, but we scrambled through it. As we made our way near the school, we saw some of the kids we saw when we went biking hanging out by the timeworn school sign. I guess my brother didn’t really want to enter school with me because he scurried off to a friend he met at a band competition during the break. I didn’t really find any friends during the break, except this kid named Jack who was my neighbour, but the problem with him was that he was one of the fattest kid I have seen, and all he would want to do was stay home and watch this TV show about a loser who always got beaten up. We will write a custom essay sample on Miss fortune in My New School Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I stayed away from him all summer but I guess I shouldn’t have, because now I have to enter the school all by my self not knowing where to go or not knowing anything about the school. At least the school entrance looked warm hearted. I made way up the aged stairs of the school. I opened the door to the school and felt a warm breeze of air through my body. It didn’t look too bad like I imagined. To my left a bunch of kids were by the classroom talking to one of the teachers and to my right some kids all had their heads in one locker looking at something. I decided to go up to the administration desk and ask for my class list. The women behind the computer gave me the piece of paper with my classroom numbers. Since I didn’t know anyone, I decided to go to my class and get a bit familiar to the teacher. The classroom door was open so I decide to take a sneak at it. There was no teacher inside and so were no students. I guess no one was new to the school and had someone to hang out with. So I decide to stay in the class and read one of the books I still didn’t finish from last year until the bell ring. â€Å"BRING† The bell rang and bit by bit the students made their way in at a snails pace; I guess none of them were happy about school starting. But suddenly the most attractive girl I have ever seen came inside the room crowded with a bunch of boys trying to make a move with her. I guess she was probably the girl of the school. We started class a few minutes later and for the whole class I swear I couldn’t lay my eyes off of her until the boy behind me poked me at the back saying â€Å"Don’t even try bro. Every guy wants that girl! † With fury I turned around and saw a chubby boy and told him â€Å"What makes you think I won’t get her† and with confidence he said she only goes out with athletic people, making me sound like I’m not athletic. I needed to at least try to get her and to show the boy ‘Brendan† that I am athletic and could get her. But the truth was that I actually wasn’t that athletic. I was always the geek that stayed behind the computer playing games instead of going outside and playing sports. Instead of arguing with Brendan I decide to actually get to be friends with him since I didn’t know anyone else. First and second class passed by and now was lunch time. Brendan and I made our way through the halls to the cafeteria. We both got our lunch and made our way to a table where we could eat. While we ate he told me that the wrestling try outs would be today and that we should both try out since Alex will be there watching. I decide to give it a go since she was there, and maybe wrestling will the sport I’m good at. I was actually eager to try out because I could probably show off some moves and get Alex attracted to me. For the last two blocks we didn’t really do much; we had both classes as science and all we did was read the safety rules for using the stuff in class. The bell rang and Brendan and I made our way to the gym. We got changed into our shorts and out on some equipment that the coach gave to us. We made our way into the gym; all the people trying out were big and muscular. I took a quick glance at the bleachers and saw Alex setting down with some other girl from our class. I knew I had to shine or it would go all bad. The coach put us into pairs with the same size for opponents. My bad luck struck because I was paired up with this girl that had tried out; I and she were the smallest and shortest people there so that’s why we probably got paired up together. The bad thing was that the coach actually wanted us to wrestle each other and I didn’t really want to hurt a girl. We were the last ones to wrestle, so we both made our way to the matt and as soon as the coach said go, that girl attacked me and took me right down to the floor. Brendan helped me up and all I heard and saw was everyone laughing at me including Alex. I was pretty embarrassed. We all went back to the locker room to change back to leave. Everyone was making fun of me so I got myself out of there as soon as possible. I put on my jacket and opened the door to start walking back home. Instead of taking the shortcut I took the actual way through the street. As I was walking down the street across the school I saw Alex standing outside of the bank line with her mom. I thought the best thing to do was to change my way but instead I decided to be a man and pass her. I was around a foot away for her and suddenly a group of man came outside of the bank. They all had black masks with some sort of sweater saying ‘BAD BOYS† on it with each of them wearing baggy ripped jeans. I guess they were robbing the bank or something because one the guys started to terrorise the people outside including me to not call the police. Then one of the guys opened some shots from his pistol in to the crowd and the only thing that popped into my mind was to jump in front of Alex to save her from a bullet; maybe instead of liking an athletic person she could like a hero that saved her life. I wasn’t really expecting the bullet to come her way but my bad luck it actually was going to hit her, so I lurched my self in front of her and got hit by the bullet. I was expecting my self to be in wounded by the bullet but instead I found my self in the hospital lying on the bed with my brother and mom beside me on the bed. I didn’t know exactly what was happening and exactly why I wasn’t dead or anything from the bullet. I asked my mom sitting beside me if they took the bullet out of me but she was more confused then ever before. So I asked her why I was in the hospital and she told me, when me and my brother took the shortcut in the morning on the way to school I fell down and hit my head on sharp piece of ice which got me unconscious. So all that just had happened to me was all a dream I guess. I’m just happy that all I went through in my dream wasn’t real because I would never want that to happen to me. And the best thing of all was that I got to miss the first day of school!

Citation Exercise Relate Research Interest Example

Citation Exercise Relate Research Interest Example Citation Exercise Relate Research Interest – Book Report/Review Example English as Global Language: Problems, Dangers, Opportunities Introduction Eva Kushner is the of English as Global Language: Problems, Dangers, Opportunities. She critically analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of English language. However, the present paper takes her unfavorable drawbacks on English language. Without further ado, the annotated reaction will begin with a significant feedback relative to how the article allows the reader to be open-minded. Annotated Reaction The paper of Kushner has been complicated to understand, but it clearly signifies its main idea of which language makes one comfortable to express one’s emotions, ideas, knowledge, and feelings (17). Regardless of how Kushner had emphasized the ability of English language to unify the diverse nationalities of people, she never failed to mean that such language could mean the â€Å"educators and decision makers† to understand and interpret others perspectives and sayings with complex results (18). She is good in terms of taking the win-win analysis of emphasizing the dark and good side of using English; however, she has been more definite in terms of clarifying that there is â€Å"survival of linguistic diversity† (Kushner 20). Ergo, her assumptions are relative to what Gonzalez and Tolron assumed that there should be a realistic fame on considering that people should not be blind to overuse and forgot their own language (13). The paper of Kushner on English as Global Language: Problems, Dangers, Opportunities buzzes the people to identify themselves to who really they are by using their own native language that will determine their own nationality and race that they should be proud of. ConclusionKushner is assertive to falsify and question the prominence and globalization of English. Readers could intimately relate with her assumption of how an individual becomes repressive in expressing one’s real emotions and ideas with English language. Kushner ideas made t he readers swag their own native tongue. Therefore, Kushner will definitely succeed to make the people realized how English could cut-out the spontaneity of one’s true intentional urges. Work CitedGonzalez, Madelena, and Francine Tolron. Eds. Translating Identity and the Identity of Translation. Newcastle,UK: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2006. Print.Kushner, Eva. â€Å"English as Global Language: Problems, Dangers, Opportunities.† Diogenes 50.2 (2003): 17-23.Print.

The high level of corruption in central and eastern Europe Essay

The high level of corruption in central and eastern Europe - Essay Example In relation, this essay will try to explain the high level of corruption in Central and Eastern Europe. The discussion will tackle the reasons of the social problem. It will also include the methods that to be adopted in dealing with corruption. Corruption is indeed a social and legal problem. It is a social problem since the society as a whole is the one primarily affected of its effects. In almost all sectors, traces of corruption are eminent. It is also a legal problem since it is punishable under the laws of the community. The nations of the world have created their own laws against corruption. Nevertheless, corruption is still a pressing problem. Only a few corrupt individuals are successfully convicted and punished. Thus, there is a need to devise strategies that would effectively curb the acts of the corruption especially in the developing world. In connection, the majority of the countries making up the Central and Eastern part of Europe are actually considered developing sta tes. Benjamin Olken describes corruption like a tax. It adds to the expenses of conducting businesses and providing public services. In countries where corruption is imminent, public services are often poor and inadequate. Corruption lessens the budget needed to effectively and efficiently serve the people in a community. On the side of the business sector, putting up and maintaining a business would be harder than ever due to corruption. As cited by Nathaniel Heller, corruption presents a great barrier to the development and progress of any nation.7 This statement is quite logical. Anyone can in fact understand the rationale behind such contention. In a country, if corruption is present, the budget for the delivery of basic services would be low, unproportioned, and insufficient. For instance, there would only be low budget for education and health. If this is the case, one could expect that teachers will have low salary and educational resources for students would be scarce. In another aspect, medical centers will not have enough supply of medicines and equipments to cure the minor diseases of the people. The ultimate problem about corruption is that it makes the rich people become richer while the poor becomes poorer. It is a fact that only rich persons can thrive in a system which is full of corruption. The poor citizens on the other hand bear the costs of corruption. There is a negative impact in this sense.8 Cor ruption per se destroys the very foundation of a society. It undermines the faith in government and unwinds a lot of links between citizens and governmental institutions.9 Stated otherwise, corruption is the reason why there are people who do not believe in the establishment of governments. They believe that a government does not bring them any good except poverty and injustices. This should not be the case. Corruption in CEE In Central and Eastern Europe, there have been numerous cases of official corruption ranging from top level positions to local levels and across governmental

Applied molecular biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applied molecular biology - Essay Example One of the subclasses was germinal-center B-cell-like DLBCL which showed an expression pattern the same as the mature germinal-center B-cells and portended a more favorable prognosis with a 60% five-year survival rate. Besides that, two other DLBCL subclasses, these are, type-3 DLBCL and activated B-cell-like DLBCL, presented much less favorable prognoses with a 35% five-year survival rate. From all these and the researches, it may be possible to determine the patients that might benefit from more aggressive therapies such as chemotherapy regimens or bone marrow transplants when DLBCL is diagnosed. HD DNA microarray studies have highlighted molecular pathways that are important in cancer subclasses. Example, researchers have observed that several genes in the activated B-cell subclass of DLBCL were downstream targets of the NFkB transcription factor. They proved that NFkB activity is higher in this DLBCL subtype thereby suggesting that drugs targeting the NFkB may be effective in the treatment of these tumors. (Cain, 2011) Gene expression profiling of tumor specimens may be useful in the pre-selection of patients who may benefit from drug treatment. It can also be used in examining gene expression profiles of cancers following chemotherapy so as to determine whether the tumors are responding to treatment. In this method, detailed patient-specific molecular information would be used to predict an effective therapy. (Schwab,